Writing and Printing
The Doctrina Christiana (Christian Doctrine) were two early books on the catechism of the Catholic Church, both published 1593 in Manila, Philippines. These are two of the earliest printed books in the Philippines. The Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua China (1593-1605), by Fray Juan Cobo and Fray Miguel de Benavides, printed by the Sangley Chinese printer Keng Yong. The Doctrina Christiana en lengua española y tagala (1593), by Fray Juan de Plasencia. The latter, Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Española y Tagala (Christian Doctrine in Spanish and Tagalog), Manila, 1593, was also the first book written in a Philippine language, as well as the first recorded alphabet of a Philippine language (the Tagalog Abecedario). The book was inscribed in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register – Asia and the Pacific in 2024.
Arabic.
Gruner + Jahr.
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