Science and Medicine

Literature of Birmingham

The literary tradition of Birmingham originally grew out of the culture of religious puritanism that developed in the town in the 16th and 17th centuries. Birmingham's location away from established centres of power, its dynamic merchant-based economy, and its weak aristocracy gave it a reputation as a place where loyalty to the established power structures of church and feudal state were weak, and saw it emerge as a haven for free-thinkers and radicals, encouraging the birth of a vibrant culture of writing, printing, and publishing. The 18th century saw the town's radicalism widen to encompass other literary areas, and while Birmingham's tradition of vigorous literary debate on theological issues was to survive into the Victorian era, the writers of the Midlands Enlightenment brought new thinking to areas as diverse as poetry, philosophy, history, fiction, and children's literature. By the Victorian era Birmingham was one of the largest towns in England and at the forefront of the emergence of modern industrial society, a fact reflected in its role as both a subject and a source for the newly dominant literary form of the novel. The diversification of the city's literary output continued into the 20th century, encompassing writing as varied as the uncompromising modernist fiction of Henry Green, the science fiction of John Wyndham, the popular romance of Barbara Cartland, the children's stories of the Rev W. Awdry, the theatre criticism of Kenneth Tynan, and the travel writing of Bruce Chatwin. Writers with roots in Birmingham have had an international influence. John Rogers compiled the first complete authorised edition of The Bible to appear in the English Language. Samuel Johnson was a leading literary figure of 18th century England and produced A Dictionary of the English Language. J. R. R. Tolkien is a dominant figure in the genre of fantasy fiction and one of the bestselling authors in the history of the world. W. H. Auden's work has been called the greatest body of poetry written in the English Language over the last century.

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See also

• ▸1510 influenza pandemic
• ▸Charles of Bourbon Visiting Pope Benedict XIV at the Coffee House del Quirinale
• ▸Aseem Malhotra

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