Invention and Engineering

Energy policy of the United States

The energy policy of the United States is determined by federal, state, and local entities. Federal Energy policy is principally led by the U.S. Department of Energy. Energy policy intersects closely with decarbonization, climate policy, and environmental policy. Energy policy spans issues of decarbonization, energy production, distribution, consumption, and modes of use, such as building codes, mileage standards, and commuting policies. U.S. energy policy may be addressed via legislation, regulation, court decisions, public participation, and other techniques. Major federal energy policy acts were passed in 1974, 1992, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2020, 2021, and 2022, although energy-related policies have appeared in many other bills. The most significant recent bills include the Biden Administration Inflation Reduction Act as well as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. State and local energy policies typically relate to efficiency standards and/or transportation. Federal energy policies since the 1973 oil crisis have been criticized for having an alleged crisis-mentality, promoting expensive quick fixes and single-shot solutions that ignore market and technology realities. Americans constitute less than 5% of the world's population but consume 26% of the world's energy to produce 26% of the world's industrial output. Technologies such as fracking and horizontal drilling allowed the United States to become the world's top oil fossil fuel producer in 2014. In 2018, US exports of coal, natural gas, crude oil and petroleum products exceeded imports, achieving a degree of energy independence for the first time in decades. In the second half of 2019, the US was the world's top producer of oil and gas. This energy surplus ended in 2020. Various multinational groups have attempted to establish goals and timetables for energy and other climate-related policies, such as the 1997 Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 Paris Agreement.

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See also

• ▸LMS Stanier Class 8F 8233
• ▸Baška tablet
• ▸Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad

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