Geology and Minerals
The geology of Slovakia is structurally complex, with a highly varied array of mountain ranges and belts largely formed during the Alpine orogeny in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras and with relicts of older Variscan structures of Paleozoic age. The internal zones of the West Carpathian orogen collapsed during the Paleogene forming the Central Carpathian Paleogne Basin. Later, in the Miocene, the Pannonian Basin and Carpathian volcanic chain were formed.
Chagrin Shale.
Clay chemistry.
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