Arms and Armour

Anders Behring Breivik

Anders Behring Breivik (born 13 February 1979) is a Norwegian mass murderer, neo-Nazi, and domestic terrorist who perpetrated the 2011 Norway attacks. A believer in the Great Replacement theory, he sought to combat perceived "Cultural Marxism" by detonating a car bomb at the Regjeringskvartalet (executive government quarter) in Oslo, then carrying out a mass shooting at a summer camp of the Labour Party's youth wing on the island of Utøya, in total killing 77 people and injuring over 323. Found competent to stand trial, Breivik was tried in 2012, convicted on all charges, and sentenced to 21 years of preventive detention, with the possibility of extensions for as long as he is deemed to pose a danger to society. At age 16, he was arrested for graffiti vandalism in Oslo. He later joined the anti-immigration Progress Party, chaired its Vest Oslo youth branch in 2002, and left in 2006. He joined a gun club in 2005. A company he founded later went bankrupt, and he reported no income in 2009. He financed the attacks with about €130,000 using credit cards. On the day of the attacks, Breivik distributed a compendium titled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence, outlining his ideology. In it, he opposed Islam, blamed feminism for a perceived European "cultural suicide", and called for the deportation of Muslims from Europe, stating that publicising the text was a primary motive. Two teams of forensic psychiatrists evaluated Breivik before trial. While the first diagnosed paranoid schizophrenia, a second concluded he was not psychotic at the time of the attacks and instead had narcissistic personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Breivik has since filed multiple legal challenges against the Norwegian Correctional Service under the European Convention on Human Rights regarding his confinement. A partial ruling in his favor in 2016 was overturned on appeal, and later challenges, including a 2024 case on prison isolation, were unsuccessful.

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See also

• ▸Circular rampart
• ▸History of Pakistan (1947–present)
• ▸Franjo Frankopan Slunjski

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