Arms and Armour
The saif (Arabic: سيف), sometimes called a shamshir (from Persian: شمشیر), depending on the era, originated in Arabia before the 7th century. Little is known about this weapon besides what al-Kindi wrote in his treatise On Swords in the 9th century.
Dion, Pieria.
Caponier.
Text from Wikipedia; plate via Wikimedia Commons. Text CC BY-SA 4.0; plate freely licensed (see Commons). Source record. Images and catalogue data are reproduced from open-access collections.