Architecture

Horace Gifford

The injustice of Horace Gifford's early death was compounded by the fact that his important contribution to American domestic architecture of the 1960s and 70s has been overlooked by history. Horace Gifford (August 7, 1932 – April 6, 1992) was a beach house architect of the sixties, seventies, and early eighties. He grew up in Florida, where his family had developed the town of Vero Beach. Although Gifford never finished his formal architectural education—and therefore relied on licensed peers to stamp and sign off on his work—he led the Modernist transformation of New York's Fire Island, largely in its gay communities. Across this popular, car-free barrier island, off the southern coast of Long Island, he produced 63 homes, with 15 others further afield. Long before green building came into vogue, his houses were built for sustainable design. They were designed for their sites, generally modest and using cedar wood. He rejected both the traditional New England styles of Cape Cod and Martha’s Vineyard, but also the styles of the mansions of The Hamptons. At the same time, decisively veering away from the architectural lexicon of 1950s suburbia—with its exterior paint, tidy lawns and fences—Gifford’s designs often had zigzagging entry paths, weaving amid natural beach grasses, stones, and sandy terrain. He convinced most of his clients to build houses not much bigger than 1,000 square feet, on average. Weathered over time, the cedar cladding blended with the landscape, while such features as shady overhangs and breezeways allowed for climatic comfort with natural airflow across the living spaces. Favoring open floor plans, he tended to design the living, dining, and kitchen areas as one large, continuous space. He kept closets to a minimum—and usually without doors—perhaps alluding to the closeted lives of many gay people at the time. Despite the square-footage, however, his houses—often for well-to-do figures with expansive personalities—had their own dramatic gestures, many with soaring ceilings, even in small rooms, and interiors that jutted out, over the sand dunes. Gifford died in 1992 of complications from AIDS. Though critically praised and published during his lifetime, he was later nearly forgotten, until 2013, when architect and historian Christopher Rawlins published Fire Island Modernist: Horace Gifford and the Architecture of Seduction.

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See also

• ▸Church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Lima)
• ▸Expo 67
• ▸Capital (architecture)

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