Architecture
High medieval domes
The domes of the High Middle Ages (c. 1000-1300) built by Arab Muslim and Western European Christian states were influenced by the East-West Schism, the Crusades, and the Reconquista. There are early examples of muqarnas elements supporting domes from the Fatimid Caliphate and the Abbasid Caliphate in the 11th century, as well as crossed-arch domes in the Taifas of al-Andalus. The domes of Norman Sicily blended Byzantine and Islamic elements. Christian domes under Byzantine influence used pendentives and were built over Greek-cross plans. Romanesque church domes, especially those of the Holy Roman Empire beginning around 1050, were generally octagonal on squinches and hidden externally within crossing towers. Domes on pendentives appear in the Aquitaine region of France after the beginning of the Crusades in 1095, apparently based upon Byzantine models. Distinctive domes on pendentives were also built in Spain during the Reconquista, in addition to Christian crossed-arch domes similar to that of the earlier Great Mosque of Córdoba. A series of centrally planned churches were built by the Knights Templar throughout Europe, modeled on the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, with the Dome of the Rock at their Temple Mount headquarters also an influence. Bulbous domes were used to cover large Islamic buildings in Syria after the eleventh century, following an architectural revival there, and the present shape of the Dome of the Rock's dome likely dates from this time. Islamic domes of the Ayyubid dynasty tended to be smooth and replaced the curved squinch forms of the Fatimids with more angular forms. Madrassas often included a domed mosque or mausoleum. The Mamluks built tombs with a variety of dome forms and developed transition zones that used corbelled layers of muqarnas and stalactite elements.
Also on this shelf
Daily News Building.
Adam style.
See also
- ▸Chambéry Cathedral
- ▸Boat-Building Near Flatford Mill
- ▸Consulate General of the United States, Munich
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